Instructions for Authors

DISSERTATIONES FORESTALES

Before you submit

i Publishing Agreement

As a part of the manuscript submission you will need to accept the following Publishing Agreement.

The Author hereby assigns to the Finnish Society of Forest Science (hereafter “Publisher”) right to publish this Contribution in the e-series Dissertationes Forestales. All dissertation summaries published in the Series shall be publicly available on the Internet according to the Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence.

The Author retains the copyright of their Contribution. The Publisher has the right to publish the Contribution and keep it available for the public in any current or future publishing format. Publisher may also transfer publishing rights and/or maintenance of the Dissertationes Forestales website to others who respect the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence.

If the Author deposits the Contribution in a personal, institutional, scientific, or professional repository, they shall use the final Publisher’s version of the Contribution (Version of Record, VoR). Link to the original publication shall be provided using its DOI number.

The Author may grant wider reuse rights of the Contribution than those provided by the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence.

In the event of receiving any request to republish all or part of the Contribution in a way not compatible with the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence, the Publisher shall endeavour to obtain the approval of the Author prior to giving any such permission.

ii Submission Preparation Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions that do not adhere to these guidelines may be returned to authors.

• I confirm that the submission has not been previously published and it is not under consideration for publication in any other forum
• I Confirm that I have the permit for public defence of the dissertation (Väittelylupa).
• I confirm that I have the rights to the data and contents of the dissertation to the extent necessary for publishing with the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence.
• I accept that the following author information is published together with the dissertation: Name, affiliation, e-mail and ORCID identifier. I understand that these data or part of them will be submitted to the reference databases where Dissertationes Forestales is listed.
• The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Instructions for Authors.

iii Supplementary files

You will need to submit the following supplementary files together with your dissertation text. Each documents must be on a separate file.

• Filled description form (all authors)
• Copy of the permit for public defense of the disseration (all authors)
• Filled financial commitment form, if you do not defend your dissertation in a publishing faculty of Dissertationes Forestales or do not work with the Natural Resources Institute Finland.

GENERAL

Dissertationes Forestales is a joint publication of the Finnish Society of Forest Science, the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry at the University of Helsinki, and the School of Forest Sciences at the University of Eastern Finland. Dissertationes Forestales publishes doctoral theses in forest sciences. The objective of the series is to collect all Finnish doctoral dissertations in forestry and related disciplines in one series. Most papers published in Dissertationes Forestales are extended summaries of doctoral theses composed of several original articles published in peer-reviewed journals.

The dissertations are published after official pre-examination by experts nominated by the university where the dissertation is defended. Dissertationes Forestales does not have a peer-review process of its own. The dissertations are published in the form they will be publicly defended.

Dissertationes Forestales is published in printed form and in electronic form on the Web. The printed version comprises extended summaries and original articles, while the electronic version in PDF only contains the extended summary.

The author prepares the manuscript according to the instructions for the layout of the publication and has the dissertation printed. It is your duty as the author to have as many printed copies made as your university requests for the public defence. In addition, four printed copies must be sent to the Finnish Society of Forest Science.

Electronic version is published on the series’s website (www.dissertationesforestales.fi) by the Editorial Office after the author uploads it to the series’s data base (see “Submission of manuscript” at the end of these instructions). The electronic version is published with the Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence. The links to original papers lead to the web sites of their publishers. Access to the original papers depends on the policies of the publisher.

Dissertationes Forestales has an Editorial Board which consists of members from the publishing organisations. The Editorial Office of Dissertationes Forestales is located at the Finnish Society of Forest Science. The publishing universities have named technical advisers who help in preparation of the manuscripts. Names and contact information of the advisers are available at www.dissertationesforestales.fi/page/contact.

LINKS TO DISSERTATION DESCRIPTION FORM AND EXAMPLE FILES

As a part of your online submission, you will be requested to submit the description form (kuvailulomake) of your work as a supplementary file. Further, you must consult the examples of the second page of the dissertation document and exactly adhrere to them. The second page is slightly different in the online and print versions. You may also need to submit a commitment to pay (maksusitoumus) the uploading fee (verkkoonvientimaksu) signed by a competent officer of your university. The links to the documents are here:

Description form (kuvailulomake)

Second page, online document: pdf model and editable Word file

Second page, print document: pdf model and editable Word file

Financial commitment (maksusitoumus), if needed

Financial commitment is not needed if you defend your dissertation either at the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki or at the School of Forest Sciences of the University of Eastern Finland or you work at the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke).

WHO MAY PUBLISH IN DISSERTATIONES FORESTALES?

You defend your thesis in one of the publishing faculties

If you defend your thesis in one of the publishing faculties, i.e. the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki or the School of Forest Sciences of the University of Eastern Finland, you are eligible to publish in Dissertationes Forestales.

You defend your thesis in another university or faculty

If you defend your thesis in another university or faculty, the Editorial Board decides whether your thesis is publishable in Dissertationes Forestales based on your application. Send your application to the secretary of the Editorial Board by e-mail (for contact information, see www.dissertationesforestales.fi/page/editors). The application must include the following:

• Short letter of motivation (why you thesis should be published in Dissertationes Forestales)
• Abstract of the thesis in one page
• Statements of the pre-examiners appointed by the University for the dissertation
• List of all original publications and links to their electronic versions

In addition, your home department is requested to send a written commitment to cover the expenses of electronic publishing (download the form from www.dissertationesforestales.fi) unless you work with the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke). In 2022, the electronic publishing fee is 300 €. The publishing faculties and Luke have already in the agreement committed to covering the expenses for their PhD students.

INITIATING THE PUBLISHING PROCESS

If you are planning to submit your thesis to Dissertationes Forestales, it is recommended that you follow these author instructions already when preparing the manuscript for pre-examination. Please do not hesitate to contact your institution’s technical advisor or the Editorial Office when starting to prepare the manuscript. However, the permission to publish in Dissertationes Forestales can only be given after your university grants the permit for public defence of the dissertation (Väittelylupa). When the permit for public defence has been granted submit a copy of it to the Editorial Office.

In addition, if you defend your thesis in another university or faculty than the publishing faculties or you do not work with the Natural Resources Institute Finland, you must provide the signed commitment (Maksusitoumus) from your home department to cover the expenses of electronic publishing (download the form from here).

E-mail an electronic copy of the permit for public defence, title of the final dissertation document, and your full contact information to the Editorial Office. Mail the filled Financial commitment form when required (paper copy with original signature) to the Editorial Office:

Suomen Metsätieteellinen Seura ry
Dissertationes Forestales
Viikinkaari 6
00790 Helsinki
E-mail: info (at) metsatiede.org

After receiving these documents, the Editorial Office will give the publication number, ISBN numbers, and DOI number to the author and the author can then finish the manuscript.

Note that you will be requested to submit the final version of your dissertation through the manuscript management system of Dissertationes Forestales. Check also “Submission of the manuscript” at the end of these instructions. As a part of the submission process, you will be requested to accept the publication of your dissertation with the Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence. Check the Copyright notice of Dissertationes Forestales before submission. You are responsible to verify that all material in your dissertation may be published using the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence. This is especially important if your dissertation contains photographs not taken by you yourself or if you use copyrighted maps.

PREPARING THE MANUSCRIPTS

General

You must prepare two versions of the manuscript, one for printing and one for electronic publication. The printed version comprises the extended summary and the original articles, while the electronic version only contains the extended summary. Follow carefully the instructions given below for both versions of the manuscript (see “Printed version”, “Electronic version”, and “Technical instructions for compiling the manuscript”).

Printed version

The printed version differs from the electronic version only in three aspects; cover, Page 2 of the extended summary and original articles.

The cover designed for the series must be used. Technical advisors and the Editorial Office have the cover in electronic format. The technical advisors will help in editing the cover. The cover has predefined layers for series title, dissertation title and author name. Predefined fonts and placements must be used.

You may replace the predefined cover image with your image of the same size (width 115mm x height 88mm). The image must fulfil the requirements for line drawings or photographs given below (i.e. resolution 600 or 300 dpi, respectively). Consult the printing house for instructions on converting the cover to the preferred file format.

Page 2 of the extended summary has different content in the printed version and in electronic version. Follow carefully the example when you prepare Page 2 for the printed version.

Original articles are included in the printed version only. You are responsible for getting the necessary permissions from the publishers of the original articles if these are not granted in the copyright agreement between the author and publisher of the original article. Preferred format for original articles is a PDF file. Request a PDF file from the publisher if you do not have it. Page sizes in journals vary. Consult the printing house on converting the various page sizes to B5; generally, the printing house wants to do this. If you have a printed copy only, consult the printing house for instructions.

Electronic version

The electronic version of the extended summary is similar to that of the printed version except for Page 2. Follow carefully the example when you prepare the Page 2 for the electronic version.

PUBLISHING THE THESIS

Checking the manuscript

The Editorial Office checks that the overall layout of the manuscript follows the instructions, and that the publication numbers are correct. You may not submit the manuscript for printing before getting an approval from the Editorial Office. For checking, e-mail the following files to the Editorial Office:

• The electronic version of the extended summary
• Page 2 of the print version
• Print ready cover (including front cover, back cover and the back of the book) as a PDF file (from the printing house)
• Complete reference list that is formatted exactly according to the instruction given in the subchapter “List of references”. The editorial staff will then help you to get DOI for all journal articles in your reference list.

A manuscript that does not fully comply with the instructions will be returned for corrections. Note that the reference list must include DOI numbers for all publications, which have DOI (see “List of references”). After getting an approval for these files, you may submit the manuscripts for printing and for electronic publication.

Submission of the manuscript for printing

You are responsible for having the dissertation printed. You must make as many print versions as your university requests for the public defence. In addition, four print copies must be given to the Finnish Society of Forest Science. The Society will distribute these copies to the archives of each publisher. Consult the printing house for instructions on converting the manuscript to file format preferred by the printing house.

Submission of the manuscript for web publication

Submit the completed manuscript for electronic publication in a PDF file using the Editorial Manager page of Dissertationes Forestales. Follow the instructions given by the system. In addition, submit the filled Publication Description form (Kuvailulomake, download here) as a supplementary file. See the instructions below for filling in the form.

Filling in the publication description form

Use the preset format (Tahoma 10 pts font, line spacing single) and follow the examples in the form when filling in the publication description form.

Asiasanat (Finnish keywords) and Keywords

Provide up to six keywords or short descriptive expressions (no sentences) in Finnish and in English that do not appear in the title or its translation.

Tiivistelmä (Finnish abstract) and Abstract (in English)

An abstract is a concise, independent résumé of the paper. Its purpose is to assist the reader in deciding whether it is worth reading the entire paper, to provide information for a reader who is not an expert on the topic involved, and to assist the communication of information. References to literature, tables, or figures are not allowed. The length of the abstract is not more than 300 words. If you do not know Finnish, you are yourself responsible for finding a translator.

List of original articles (if needed)

If the dissertation is composed of several original articles, the bibliographic information of the published articles must be provided. Follow the instructions given for the list of references of the extended summary. The bibliographic information should include the DOI number of an electronic publication. If no DOI number is available, give as exact permanent link as possible. In the case of manuscripts that have been accepted or are in press at the time of your submission to Dissertationes Forestales, give the DOI if the publisher has already assigned it; otherwise, give just the web address of the journal. Start the DOI number or web address from a new line. Please note that manuscripts not yet accepted for publication have no bibliographic information. Thus, the word “Manuscript” suffices to describe their status. Separate each reference by a blank line. Do not use Roman numbers for the references.

Note: If the thesis includes article(s) that are not yet published, the author is obliged to inform the Editorial Office after the publication about the link to the article (DOI if available) and about possible change(s) in the title(s).

TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPILING THE MANUSCRIPT

Parts of the main documents

Title page

The title page includes the following information:

• Series title and issue number (Times New Roman bold 12 pts)
• Title of dissertation (Times New Roman 16 pts, capitalise only the first word of the title)
• Author’s name (Times New Roman 12 pts)
• Author’s affiliation: Department, Faculty and University where the doctoral studies were conducted (Times New Roman 12 pts)
• Description: ”Academic dissertation” (Times New Roman 12 pts)
• Time and place of the public defence (Times New Roman, 10 pts)
• Do not add anything else to the title page (e.g., no university logo here). Place the series title and issue number centred at the top, the dissertation title, author’s name and affiliation approximately in the middle of the page, and the description ”Academic dissertation” and time and place of public defence at the bottom of the page.

Second page: dissertation information

This page includes the following information, see the examples for electronic and printed version. Write everything in Times New Roman 10 pts, titles in Italics, names as normal text.

• Title of dissertation
• Author’s name
• Series title and issue number (Dissertationes Forestales #)
• DOI
• © Author
• Link to the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence: live link in the electronic version and the full link https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ in the print version.
• Name and affiliation of thesis supervisor(s)
• Name and affiliations of pre-examiners
• Name and affiliation of the opponent

To the bottom of the page, add the following in Times New Roman 10 pts:

• Cover photo: (only in print version if needed) N.N.
• ISSN 1795-7389
• ISBN #, followed by the word paperback in parentheses in the printed version and the abbreviation PDF in parentheses in the electronic version. The printed version and electronic version have their own ISBNs, only one ISBN on page 2. Note: You will receive the ISBN numbers from the Editorial Office.

Printers:
Name of the printing house, town, year (only in print version)

Publishers:
Finnish Society of Forest Science
Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry at the University of Helsinki
School of Forest Sciences at the University of Eastern Finland

Editorial Office:
Finnish Society of Forest Science
Dissertationes Forestales
Viikinkaari 6, 00790 Helsinki
https://www.dissertationesforestales.fi

Third page: English abstract

Compose the English abstract according to the instructions given above for the English abstract in word processor format. Type everything using Times New Roman 10 pts font, line spacing exactly 12 points.

An abstract is a concise, independent résumé of the paper. Its purpose is to assist the reader in deciding whether it is worth reading the entire paper, to provide information for a reader who is not an expert on the topic involved, and to assist the communication of information. Neither references to literature nor tables nor figures are allowed.

The abstract heading consists of the full bibliographic reference to the electronic version of your main document, in the language of your dissertation (i.e., in Finnish if the extended summary of your dissertation is in Finnish). If the language of your extended summary is other than English, there must be a blank line after the abstract heading, and thereafter the English translation of the title of your dissertation preceded by the word ”Abstract:”.

The abstract text must be separated from the abstract heading or translation by a blank line. The length of the abstract is not more than 300 words. The abstract text should be followed by up to six keywords or short descriptive expressions (no sentences) in English that do not appear in the title or its translation. Separate the keywords from abstract text by a blank line.

You may also write an abstract in another language that is relevant for the thesis e.g., in Finnish. If that language uses letters other than Latin, you are responsible for their correct conversion to PDF. Please, note that the website of Dissertationes Forestales will display always the abstract in English and Finnish, but only English abstract is obligatory in the complete PDF text file.

Abstract in the language of the publication

Abstract in the language of the publication is requested when the language of the extended summary is other than English. If the language of the extended summary is English, only English abstract is required. The abstract heading consists of the full bibliographic reference to the electronic version of your main document in the language of your dissertation. Give the keywords in the language of your dissertation. Otherwise, follow the abstract instructions above.

Preface (optional) or Acknowledgements

If you wish, you may write a preface, which is a personal introduction to the dissertation topic. The preface should include acknowledgements to those people who have significantly helped you in the work. If no preface is written, this section will include only acknowledgements and it should be titled accordingly.

List of original articles

Follow the instructions given for the list of references for the list of original articles. Give also the DOI number of electronic publication. If no DOI is available, give as exact a link as possible. However, for manuscripts that have been accepted or are in press at the time of your submission to Dissertationes Forestales, give just the web address of the journal. Please note that manuscripts not yet accepted for publication have no bibliographic information. Thus, the word "Manuscript" suffices to describe their status.

Number the articles using Roman numerals (I, II, III, etc). You can refer to the original articles in the main text using these Roman numerals instead of full reference.

If requested by your university, this list may be followed by a statement on your contribution to multi-author articles.

Table of contents

Compose the table of contents using heading styles specified for main text (see below). Do not indent heading 1. Indent heading 2 by 5 mm and heading 3 by 10 mm. Lower headings, if used, are not given in the table of contents.

Symbols and abbreviations

If a list of symbols or abbreviations frequently mentioned in the text is used, place it after the Table of contents. When both lists are included, place the list of symbols first.

Text body

The rest of this document deals with making up the pages of the main text. In the print version, the text body must always start from odd page on the right; leave a blank page between Table of contents and text body if necessary.

Layout of the text body

General principle

Make a “book-like” layout. This means, for example, that you should avoid leaving big empty spaces at the bottom of a page. Move text paragraphs to fill this kind of spaces if they are caused by placing figures or tables at the top of the next page. There should be at least two rows of text after the titles before a page break. Place figures and tables always at the top or bottom of a page, never within the text. In general, use a printed scientific book as an example. Use alignment and indentation exactly as advised in the following instructions.

Page setup

Paper size: B5 (176 × 250 mm). Older versions of MSWord have variable “B5 sizes” and Word 2010 has only a wrong size for “B5”. Word 2016 has the correct size as “ISO B5”. If your Word version does not give this alternative, you must set the correct paper width (176 mm) and height (250 mm) manually. Be sure to always check that correct paper width and height are displayed before you start writing. Margins:

• Select mirror margins (in Word) or equivalent margin setting
• Top: 25 mm
• Bottom: 20 mm
• Inner: 26 mm
• Outer: 20 mm
• Header: 13 mm
• Footer: 10 mm

Use metric settings only!

This page setup leaves a contents area of 130 × 205 mm. This will be the maximum size of figures and tables (see below for further instructions on figures and tables). Write in one column only.

Page numbers:

• Select different odd and even
• Select different first page
• First page: no page number
• Odd pages: number as header, align right
• Even pages: number as header, align left
• Number whole document consecutively; the title page is the first page.

General font

Always use Times New Roman (or Times) 10 pts font unless specified otherwise in these instructions.

Main text

Font:

• Normal text: Times New Roman (or Times) 10 pts
• Special characters (e.g. Greek letters and math symbols) in main text: Symbol 10 pts

Paragraph formatting:

• Justified
• Line spacing exactly 12 pts
• Indent first line by 5 mm
• Do not indent first line after a heading
• No blank lines between paragraphs except in cases specified in the following:

Headings

HEADING 1: Times New Roman, UPPER CASE BOLD, 12 pts., line spacing exactly 14 pts; two 12 pts blank lines before, two blank lines after, left-aligned

Heading 2: Times New Roman, lower case bold, 10 pts., two blank lines before and one blank line after, capitalise only the first word, left-aligned; if heading 2 is placed immediately after heading 1, do not multiply blank lines (i.e. two blank lines between headings).

Heading 3: Times New Roman, lower case italics, 10 pts., blank line before and after, capitalise only the first word, left-aligned; if heading 3 is placed immediately after heading 2, do not multiply blank lines (i.e. one blank line between headings).

Lower level headings are not recommended, and should never be used in texts shorter than 30 pages. They may be used if absolutely necessary for clarity in longer texts; in that case, use Times New Roman, regular, 10 pts., blank line before and after. Only headings 1 and 2 are recommended in texts shorter than 20 pages. Do not number the headings unless your text has a strict hierarchical structure.

References

Citing references in the text

For references in the text, use the name-year system:

• “Smith (1996) has shown...” or “It has been shown (Smith 1996)...”
• Smith and Allen (2005)
• Smith et al. (2010); If the referred source has three or more authors, it is referred to with et al. notion
• (Smith 1996; Deleuze and Houllier 1997; Kähkölä et al. 2012); When reference is made to several publications, arrange them in chronological order. Use semicolon (;) for separating references.
• (Finnish Forest Research Institute 2011); Where a publication has no person named as the author or editor, the name of the publisher is quoted, together with the year of publication. The term “Anonymous” must not be used.

Secondary references

Secondary references should be avoided and you must make a reasonable effort to find the original work. In the case of very old or difficult-to-find references, you may use a secondary reference by citing also the work where the secondary reference is cited: (Virtanen and Saastamoinen 1936 as cited by Kähkölä et al. 2012). Include both references into the reference list.

Unwritten information sources and traditional knowledge

An appropriate attribution for traditional knowledge must be given when applicable. This may include citation of indigenous or other traditional sources (such as people or community groups) or other unwritten communal sources of knowledge by name within the text. Personal communications and similar sources of information must be avoided.

List of references

DOI (Digital Object Identifier)

Dissertationes Forestales uses DOI numbering for identifying articles. This provides a unique permanent electronic address for your work and ensures that it may be found in the future even if the current website of Dissertationes Forestales is tranferred to another server. Use of a DOI for each issue of DF sets the requirement that the DOI must be added to all items in the reference list. The Editorial Office will help you to add DOIs for all journal articles. However, if you cite another type of publication with DOI (e.g., an online book) you must add the DOI yourself.

For getting the DOIs for journal articles, you must send the complete reference list to the Editorial Office. The reference list must be formatted exactly according to the instruction given below and an empty line must be used for separating the references. Editorial staff will make the online search for DOIs and will return you the reference list with DOI for each item that has one. You add then the updated reference list to your manuscript. Note that this procedure may take a couple of days.

General principles

Refer only to published, available material. Avoid references to second-hand sources. If you cannot avoid a secondary reference, include both the original work and the work, in which the original work is cited, into the list of references. If indigenous or other traditional sources (such as people or community groups) or other unwritten communal sources of knowledge are cited, a detailed description of these sources must be given as a separate statement before the bibliographic references.

For the order, structure and form of the references, consult the examples below. In addition, note the following:

• If a publication has no person named as the author or editor, it is listed alphabetically according to the name of the publisher.
• If a journal article is available both in print and online, give the volume and print page numbers, together with DOI. If an article is available online only, give volume (if the e-journal uses volumes), article id (if available), and unconditionally the DOI.
• If the title of an article/a book is not in English, the English translation must be given in square brackets after the original title. If the original title is in a language that does not use Latin letters, you may give only the English translation with mention of the original language in square brackets.
• The standard number, ISBN in books, or STRN in reports, should be given for sources of low circulation at the end of the reference.
• Use italics for scientific names of taxa mentioned in the title. Otherwise, use only regular font in the reference list.
• Do not translate journal names. Always use the standard abbreviation of a journal’s name (e.g., https://images.webofknowledge.com/images/help/WOS/S_abrvjt.html).

Order of references

• Smith C (1996) Aspen. Timber 77: 369–384
• Smith C (2007) Silver birch. Timber 88: 17–23
• Smith C, Allen A (2005) Scots pine. For Manage 15: 5–9
• Smith C, Harris B (1993) Asian pines. For Manage 3: 105–119
• Smith C, Harris B, Allen A (2008) Sawn goods. Timber 89: 131–140
• Smith C, Allen A, Harris B (2010) Sawn goods revisited. Timber 91: 231–240

Journal article available in print and online

Kähkölä A-K, Nygren P, Leblanc HA, Pennanen T, Pietikäinen J (2012) Leaf and root litter of a legume tree as nitrogen sources for cacaos with different root colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizae. Nutr Cycl Agroecosys 92: 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-011-9471-z.

Journal article available online

Siipilehto J, Allen M, Nilsson U, Brunner A, Huuskonen S, Haikarainen S, Subramanian N, Antón-Fernández C, Holmström E, Andreassen K, Hynynen J (2020) Stand-level mortality models for Nordic boreal forests. Silva Fenn 54, article id 10414. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.10414.

Jalonen R, Sierra J (2012) Temporal variation of N isotopic composition of decomposing legume roots and its implications to N cycling estimates in 15N tracer studies in agroforestry systems. Appl Environ Soil Sci, article id 506302. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/506302.

Article in a book or conference proceedings

Joshi L, Shrestha PK, Moss C, Sinclair FL (2004) Locally derived knowledge of soil fertility and its emerging role in integrated natural resource management. In: van Noordwijk M, Cadish G, Ong CK (eds) Below-ground interactions in tropical agroecosystems. Concepts and models with multiple plant components. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp 17–39

Thomson LAJ, Gâteblé G (2020) Casuarinaceae genetic resources in the Pacific Islands: enhancing their contributions to the green economy. In: Haruthaithanasan M, Pinyopusarerk K, Nicodemus A, Bush D, Thomson L (eds) Casuarinas for Green Economy and Environmental Sustainability. Proceedings of the Sixth International Casuarina Workshop Krabi, Thailand, 21-25 October 2019. Kasetsart University, Bangkok, pp 31‑40. https://www.iufro.org/fileadmin/material/publications/proceedings-archive/20802-t30-bangkok19.pdf. Accessed 30 November 2020

Monograph

Smith SE, Read D (2008) Mycorrhizal symbiosis 3rd edition. Academic Press, London

Non-English original

Saarinen M, Valkonen S, Sarkkola S, Nieminen M, Penttilä T, Laiho R (2020) Jatkuvapeitteisen metsänkasvatuksen mahdollisuudet ojitetuilla turvemailla. [Opportunities for continuous cover forest management in drained peatlands]. Metsätieteen aikakauskirja, article id 10372. https://doi.org/10.14214/ma.10372.

Volkov AD (2003) The bioecological basis of exploitation of spruce forests in the north-west of taiga zone of Russia. Karelian Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk. [in Russian].

Preprints

Salazar Zarzosa P, Diaz Herraiz A, Olmo M, Ruiz-Benito P, Barrón V, Bastias CC, de la Riva EG, Villar R. Linking functional traits with tree growth and forest productivity in Quercus ilex forests along a climatic gradient. BioRxiv 2020.12.12.422386. [Preprint]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.12.422386. Accessed 16 December 2020.

Citing data sources

Valdés Correcher E (2021) Dataset used in the paper ‘Search for top-down and bottom-up drivers of latitudinal trends in insect herbivory in oak trees in Europe’. Dryad [Dataset] https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.18931zcw0. Accessed 11 November 2020

Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) https://www.tropicos.org. Accessed 25 November 2020

Gill F, Donsker D, Rasmussen P (eds) (2020) IOC World Bird List (v10.2). https://doi.org/10.14344/IOC.ML.10.2. Accessed 25 November 2020

Data set citation styles may vary. As a general rule, the data set citation must include information according to the instructions of DataCite (https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html) adjusted according to the above examples.

Notes

Scientific Names

Use an authoritative contemporary source for scientific names. Dissertationes Forestales requires that the following databases be used for taxonomic nomenclature:

• Vascular plants: https://www.tropicos.org (Missouri Botanical Garden)
• Fungi: https://www.mycobank.org (International Mycological Association with collaborators)
• Mammals: https://www.mammaldiversity.org (American Society of Mammalogists)
• Birds: https://www.worldbirdnames.org
• Reptiles: http://www.reptile-database.org
• Amphibians: https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org (American Museum of Natural History)

No other sources are accepted. You must revise your taxonomy according to these sources. Name the database used for taxonomy in the Materials and Methods section. We acknowledge that no database is complete, especially in the case of tropical taxa. In the case that you cannot find your taxon in these databases using their synonym lists, give an exact reference to the source of the name used. In the case of groups with still evolving taxonomy, like insects or most microbes, use a source that best fits to your study area. Use consistently only one taxonomic database for a manuscript. Give an exact reference to your taxonomy source, preferably a stable identifier like DOI or URN in the list of references. These databases are updated constantly. Thus, it is important to indicate also the date of access to the database.

Scientific names should be in italics. Author of a scientific name must be given when a taxon is mentioned for the first time in the abstract and in the text body but not in the manuscript title, highlights, or keywords. After the first mention, the author is not used. If you use the common name of a taxon in the manuscript, you must give the full scientific name with author when mentioning the taxon for the first time in the abstract and the text body. Thereafter, the common name may be used.

Soil taxonomy

You must provide the soil classification if soils may affect the research results and always when you report field research on ecology, physiology, silviculture, etc. Use always the World Reference Base for describing soils:

http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/data-hub/soil-classification/world-reference-base/en/

No local classification is accepted. If you consider the local soil classification to be essential for communicating your research, give also the World Reference Base equivalent. The database is updated constantly. Thus, it is important to indicate the date of access. In addition to the soil taxonomy, you should provide fertility data at plot level if available.

Meteorological data

You must present basic meteorological data with a reference to the data source when weather conditions may affect the research results and always when you report field research on ecology, physiology, silviculture, etc. Refer to the meteorological data of a reliable weather station close to your study area when available. Give exact coordinates of the station you use, and a stable Internet address where the data can accessed. Give the following minimum information of the site: average temperature of the coldest and warmest month (name the months), annual rainfall, distribution of rainfall e.g., rainy and dry months, proportion of rainfall that falls as snow, if applicable and, if available, temperature sum of the growing season and annual evapotranspiration.

Biological materials and genomic data

Biological materials must be identified as exactly as possible. In field research, the studied taxa must be identified using nomenclature as described above. In nursery, laboratory and other controlled experiments, provide enough information to uniquely identify biological materials. This calls for reporting e.g., unique accession number in a repository, or seed source, lot number, provenance and date of collection. If original genomic data are collected in the study, Dissertationes Forestales recommends to deposit them to one of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration repositories. You must refer to the deposited materials in the manuscript with their accession number.

Laboratory techniques

Contrary to the common belief, many laboratory methods are not exactly standard but may be slightly modified by the laboratory where the work is done. Although these lab-wise modified techniques tend to give very closely matching results, sometimes the minor modifications may make the reproduction of the results impossible or may explain unexpected differences with published research. Thus, give always an easily available reference to all laboratory analyses included in your study and a detailed description of all possible modifications done in your laboratory.

Units

Use only SI quantities and units. If your original data were collected using non-SI units, you must write this out in the Materials and methods section and report the conversion factors or equations used. Thereafter, use the SI unit in the whole manuscript. Use always the exponential notation for units (e.g. µmol m‑2 s‑1) instead of dash. Use non-breaking spaces and hyphens within a unit.

Use euros (preferred) or US dollars for all monetary values throughout the manuscript. If the original currency is other than US dollar, it must be converted to euros. Use the conversion factor for the time of the data collection if possible. Always provide the date – at least month and year – for the conversion factor used.

Equations

Equations should be written displayed i.e., not set in the text lines, with a blank line (or equivalent space) before and after. Some older versions of Microsoft Equation Editor require that you set the line spacing single; it may be difficult to calculate the exact line spacing for equations. Indent the equation line by 5 mm. Equations must be numbered consecutively throughout the document. Set the equation number in parentheses aligned right on the equation line. Write simple equations as text. Use an equation editor for complicated equations.

Fonts

• Numbers and Latin letters: Times New Roman 10 pts
• Greek letters: Symbol 10 pts
• Math symbols: Symbol 12 pts or bigger, depending on clarity

Observe correct mathematical formatting (e.g., use BOLD CAPITAL letters for matrices)!

Use horizontal division line instead of the solidus (/), if use of the solidus would require extra parentheses.

If you have only square roots in the whole paper, you can use either the square root sign or a fractional exponent. If you have different roots (square, cubic etc.), use fractional exponents for all roots.

Tables

Write tables either using a table editor or as text using tabulator for separating columns. If you use a table editor, do not use carriage return within cells; Adobe Acrobat may not handle returns in table cells correctly! Number tables consecutively throughout the document. Leave two blank lines between the table and/or title and main text. Leave one blank line between the table and the title. Type the table title left-aligned (i.e. no indent or hanging). Place tables always at the top or bottom of a page, never within text. Table footnotes, if used, should be indicated by letters. Do not use vertical lines for separating columns. Use horizontal lines only above the table, between column headings and the table contents, and below the table.

Font:

• Arial 9 pts (maintain line spacing at exactly 12 pts)
• Use Arial 9 pts also for writing table titles. Write the word “Table” and the table number in bold.

The maximum size of a table is 130 × 205 mm. It is recommended that you use typographic and other techniques to fit a big table in the following order:

1. Reduce font size to Arial 8 pts; first reduce column and row headings, and only thereafter table contents, if reducing heading size does not help. Do not reduce font size in table titles.
2. Reduce line spacing to exactly 10 pts if you use Arial 8 pts for writing the table.
3. Try transposing rows and columns.
4. Write the table in landscape (205 mm wide, 130 mm high).
5. Format the table on two facing pages (even page left, odd page right); that gives you a 260 × 205 mm space.
6. Split the table into two or more tables.

Figures

The following instructions apply to all images—line drawings, photographs, maps etc.

The maximum figure size is 130 × 205 mm; no exceptions for bigger figures within the main document. Generally, splitting combined figures over two pages is not allowed (e.g. plot A and plot B must always be on same page). Exceptionally big combined figures (more than six plots in the same figure or exceptionally large amount of data points in each plot) may be laid out in two facing pages (even page left, odd page right). Before doing this, think twice if you can logically divide the figure into two independent figures.

Number all figures consecutively throughout the document. Type the caption in Arial 9 pts font. Write the word “Figure” and the figure number in bold. Type the figure caption left-aligned (i.e. no indent or hanging). Separate the figure and/or figure caption from main text by two blank lines. Leave about one blank line between the figure and its caption. Write figure captions below the figure or, in case of narrow figures, to the right of the figure. If the figure takes the whole contents area of a page, write the caption on the facing page. In that case, write “(facing page)” in bold after figure number. Place figures always at the top or bottom of a page, never within the text.

Line drawings

• Resolution at least 600 dpi
• Use Arial and Symbol font for all lettering in the graph.
• Avoid using colours in small line and scatter plots; Colour seldom adds value to these graph types.
• Carefully think if you need colour in bar or pie charts. If you choose to use colour, you must have the print version printed in colour.
• Avoid using 3D view in graphs unless it is really needed for information.

Photographs

• Black-and-white (grey-scale) photographs should be high-quality, full-tone photographs.
• Colour photographs, if really needed, should be high-quality, full-colour photographs.
• Resolution 300 dpi
• If you scan the photograph, set scanner resolution so that the resolution in the final (printing) size is 300 dpi.
• Do not use photographs of higher resolution because file size increases too much without adding any value to presentation. If you really need higher resolution grey-scale or full-colour images, see “Images as supplementary files” below.
• Scale, if needed (e.g., in micrographs), must be indicated by a bar pasted in the photograph.

Maps

• Simple maps should be drawn as line drawings (see instructions above).
• Scanned maps will be handled like photographs (see instructions above).
• Scale must be indicated by a bar pasted in the map.
• Maps should fit within the contents area. If you need a bigger map, see instructions in “Images as supplementary files” below.

Images as supplementary files

In certain cases, images may be added as supplementary files. However, try to avoid supplementary images if possible. Always contact your institution’s technical advisor before using supplementary files!

If you need very high resolution photographs, e.g. microscopic images, they may be linked to the main document as supplementary files. In this case, a normal resolution (300 dpi) photograph is placed in the main document. The figure caption should include a link to the high-resolution photograph. Note that printing high-resolution photographs may be costly.

If you absolutely need an image that is bigger than 130 × 205 mm (e.g., a map appendix), it may be handled as a supplementary file in the web document but note that printing an extra-size appendix may be costly. If you need this option, a small version of your image must appear in the main document with a link in the figure caption to the full-scale document.

SUBMISSION OF THE MANUSCRIPT

Dissertationes Forestales uses Editorial Manager (EM) for manuscript processing. The final dissertation manuscript must be submitted using the EM page of Dissertationes Forestales. You must register as an author to EM. The system will guide you through the submission process. You must submit the complete manuscript – except supplementary data – as a single PDF file.

You must accept the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence before submitting a manuscript.

If your dissertation document includes copyrighted photographs or maps, you must get permission from the copyright holder for reusing them under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence. As a part of the submission process, you will be requested to confirm that you have rights to all materials for publishing your dissertation under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence

During the manuscript submission, you must submit complete author information, including affiliation, address, phone number, and e-mail address, in the OJS page. ORCID id must be given if you have one. ORCID ids will be published in the author information.

An e-mail message acknowledging receipt will be sent to you after completing the submission process.

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